Civil society calls on France to address the management of scattered islands

Mis à jour le 22 May 2026

In an international context marked by heightened awareness of environmental and geopolitical issues, the issue of managing the Scattered Islands remains at the heart of a heated debate. These territories, scattered throughout the Mozambique Channel, represent much more than mere dots on a map: they embody an issue of sovereignty, biodiversity, and geopolitical balance. Civil society, mobilized for several years, fervently supported its demands against a French administration still perceived as the heir to a colonial past. In 2025, tensions intensified, fueled by the need to preserve these rapidly changing maritime spaces while respecting Madagascar’s legitimate sovereignty. The sustainable management of these islands, often considered a crucial environmental issue, requires an approach that brings together all stakeholders, under transparent governance that respects the rights of all. Civil society’s demands are taking on an unprecedented dimension, insisting on a balance that must now be based on justice, biodiversity protection, and responsible maritime management to ensure a future that respects these fragile ecosystems.

The historical and geopolitical challenges of the Scattered Islands in 2025

The scattered islands, scattered throughout the Mozambique Channel, have long been the focus of decades of tension between Madagascar and France. Historically, their status remains a source of persistent diplomatic conflict. Madagascar’s claim to these territories has grown increasingly strong over the years, reinforced by recognition from the international community and United Nations resolutions, such as Resolution 34/91, which explicitly calls for respect for Madagascar’s right to these territories. Yet they have remained under French administration for over 65 years, fueling deep resentment within Malagasy civil society, which views this situation as a form of modern colonialism. The complexity also lies in the geopolitical context, where these islands constitute strategic assets for maritime management, natural resource exploration, and biodiversity. International pressure, particularly from Madagascar and its regional partners, is intensifying as the 60th anniversary of French control approaches, reinforcing the need to find a lasting diplomatic solution.

The historical factors driving the Malagasy claim

The scattered islands were administratively attached to Madagascar during past colonizations, but this historical unity was never truly questioned before decolonization. The rapid achievement of Malagasy independence in 1960 did not result in the automatic restitution of these territories, whose management was entrusted to France. Civil society emphasizes that this situation constitutes an unacceptable colonial relic in 2025, when the principles of self-determination must prevail. The Malagasy claim is thus based on a solid historical foundation, reinforced by the desire to restore sovereignty and defend the collective memory of a people whose right to dispose of their territories must be respected.

Involvement of international actors

In 2015, UN member states adopted a resolution calling for respect for the right to freedom and sovereignty of peoples, particularly in the case of disputed territories. France, as a permanent member of the Security Council, must respect these principles. The involvement of the African Union and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is intensifying, reiterating the importance of respecting Madagascar’s sovereignty. Malagasy civil society continues to emphasize the importance of international management of maritime resources around these islands, particularly with regard to the environment and biodiversity, which constitute assets that must be preserved in the name of sustainable development.

Civil society’s demands for respectful and sustainable management of the islands

For several years, Malagasy civil society has played a central role in challenging French management of the Scattered Islands. Through constant mobilization, it has demanded impartial, transparent management that respects Madagascar’s sovereignty, but above all, focuses on the protection of these territories’ natural resources. The sustainable management of these islands, often described as essential for regional biodiversity, must incorporate a comprehensive strategy to preserve their fragile environment. It also involves initiating responsible tourism development, limiting human impact and promoting the preservation of unique ecosystems.

Concrete proposals for the sustainable management of the islands

• 🛑 Restoration of Malagasy sovereignty over all the islands, in accordance with UN resolutions.
• 🌱 Creation of strictly protected areas for biodiversity, in collaboration with international experts.
• 🛥️ Shared maritime management, integrating the monitoring of natural resources and shipping routes. 💧
• Environmental protection programs focused on the preservation of lagoon and marine ecosystems. 🌍
• Development of responsible tourism to reconcile economic development and ecological protection.Respect for natural resources, particularly in terms of the sustainable use of flora and fauna, is the foundation of this vision. Civil society also insists on an approach of transparency and community participation in the management of these territories.

Discover the essential role of civil society in promoting human rights, democracy, and community engagement. Explore how citizen organizations and movements shape our world and actively participate in positive social change.

The environmental challenges associated with managing scattered islands are multiple and complex. Their unique biodiversity, often threatened by climate change and human activities, requires special attention. Rising sea levels, marine pollution, and overfishing pose immediate threats to these fragile island ecosystems.

Main Threats to Biodiversity

🔥

1. Climate Change : Rising sea levels and more frequent storms. 🎣
2. Overfishing : Decline in fish populations essential to local ecosystems. 🦜
3. Marine Pollution : Oil spills, plastic, and industrial waste. 🌿
4. Deforestation : Illegal or unsustainable exploitation of plant resources. 🔬
5. Genetic Experiments : Risk of impact on endemic biodiversity. These issues require rigorous management, combining monitoring, strict regulations, and international cooperation. Malagasy civil society is calling for the inclusion of ecological sensitivity measures in any development or resource exploitation project in these areas. Policies to preserve island biodiversity

Objective 🎯

Concrete actions 📝

International Strategies Around Island Sovereignty in 2025

Legal Principles at Stake

According to the United Nations Charter and Resolution 34/91, each State must respect the principle of territorial integrity and the right of peoples to self-determination. France, through its administration of the islands, is regularly under scrutiny from international resolutions and recommendations. Civil society strongly insists that the management of the islands must be based on respect for Madagascar’s legitimate rights.

Diplomatic Initiatives and Mediation

🤝

Bilateral Negotiations

• : The recent session in Paris demonstrates the intensification of discussions. 🌐 International Mediation
• : Call for a peaceful resolution inclusive of all parties. 💼 Joint Projects
• : Cooperation for the shared management of maritime issues, with an emphasis on environmental protection. ⚖️ Respect for International Law
• : Commitment to the full recognition of UN resolutions and the immediate return of the islands. Diplomatic efforts must now translate into tangible actions to rebuild trust between Madagascar and France, while ensuring their management is based on mutual respect and sustainable development. Measures proposed by civil society for historic sustainable management

Civil society’s demands are reflected in a set of concrete proposals aimed at ensuring balanced management, respectful of environmental, social, and geopolitical issues. These measures are intended to provide a solid foundation for more responsible and equitable governance.

Key proposals for resource management and sovereignty

🌳

Full recognition

• of Madagascar’s sovereignty over all the islands, in accordance with international law. 🛡️ Strengthening controls
• to eliminate all illegal exploitation and promote integrated natural resource management. 🤝 Creation of a multilateral management committee
• including Madagascar, France, and local representatives. 🌊 Joint management of territorial waters, taking into account issues related to biodiversity and environmental protection.
• 🌐 Equitable sharing of marine resources,particularly for fishing and mining.
• This framework also involves increased accountability of local stakeholders, the establishment of a conservation fund, and an educational program supported by the international community. Civil society’s vision is to make the Scattered Islands a showcase for sustainable development, justice, and mutual respect. Future perspectives for management and sovereignty in 2025By 2025, the situation of the Scattered Islands remains uncertain but full of hope if concrete measures are adopted quickly. Pressure from civil society and the commitment of international actors pave the way for positive developments, provided that diplomacy, environmental management, and respect for sovereignty are truly aligned.

Priorities for Future Management

🌍

Strengthening International Cooperation

: Establishing a lasting partnership between the international community, Madagascar, and France.

1. 🚀 Innovation in Sustainable Management : Use of new technologies for resource monitoring and ecological protection.
2. 🤝 Inclusive Dialogue : Actively involve local civil society and associations in decision-making.
3. 🧭 Clarification of Legal Status : Accelerate the implementation of UN resolutions for effective handover. 🌿
4. Promoting responsible tourism: developing an environmentally friendly tourism model that generates revenue for the region. It remains essential to translate these principles into concrete actions, without giving in to geopolitical pressures or immediate interests. The management of the Scattered Islands must become an example of balanced governance, prioritizing justice, sustainability, and cooperation. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on the Management and Sovereignty of the Scattered Islands
5. 1. Why does France continue to administer the Scattered Islands despite Madagascar’s claim to them? France’s management of these territories dates back to the colonial period, and no clear diplomatic decision has been taken for their official restitution, despite the historical legitimacy and the international framework favoring Madagascar’s sovereignty. 2. What are the main civil society actions regarding biodiversity protection?

It emphasizes the creation of protected areas, the fight against illegal fishing, environmental monitoring, and raising local awareness of the need to preserve these fragile ecosystems.

3. How can sustainable management benefit Madagascar and the region?

By enabling economic development through responsible tourism and controlled resource exploitation, while preserving the unique biodiversity of these islands for future generations.

4. What are the diplomatic implications for regional peace?

A peaceful resolution that respects international law would strengthen regional stability and could pave the way for closer cooperation on maritime and environmental issues.

5. What are the main challenges to overcome for effective shared management?

Historical disputes, geopolitical issues, resource monitoring, and the involvement of local stakeholders all represent obstacles to harmonious and sustainable management.